Syphilis - meaning and definition
AlsoTreponema pallidumthe poxsyphillissiphilissyph
Not yet reviewed by a clinician. This health entry was written from the public-health sources listed below and is general information only. It is not medical advice.
Definition
Syphilis is a bacterial STI that develops in stages, often starting with a painless sore, and is curable with antibiotics, usually penicillin.
At a glance
- Syphilis is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum.
- It develops in stages, often starting with a small, painless sore that is easy to miss.
- It is diagnosed with a blood test and cured with antibiotics, usually penicillin.
- Untreated, it can later damage the heart, brain, nerves and eyes.
- Cases have risen in many countries, and screening is routinely offered in pregnancy.
In detail
Syphilis is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum and spreads through direct contact with a syphilis sore during vaginal, anal or oral sex. It can also pass from a pregnant person to the baby, which can have serious consequences.
The first sign is often a small, painless sore that heals by itself and is easy to miss. Weeks later a rash, flu-like symptoms or patches may appear. If left untreated, the infection can become hidden for years and later damage the heart, brain, nerves and eyes.
Syphilis is diagnosed with a blood test and treated with antibiotics. Cases have risen in many countries in recent years, and routine screening is offered in pregnancy and to people at higher risk.
In a sentence
- The routine blood test in pregnancy includes a check for syphilis.
- The health campaign reminded people that syphilis is curable and testing is free.
Where the word comes from
The name comes from a 1530 Latin poem by the Italian physician Girolamo Fracastoro, about a shepherd called Syphilus who is struck by the disease.
Not to be confused with
- Genital herpes
Herpes also causes genital sores, but they are usually painful and caused by a virus rather than bacteria.
Common questions
Is syphilis curable?
Yes. Syphilis is cured with antibiotics, usually penicillin. Treatment cannot always undo damage already caused at later stages, which is why early testing matters. A sexual health clinic or doctor can advise on your own situation.
Why is syphilis screened for in pregnancy?
Syphilis can pass from a pregnant person to the baby, which can have serious consequences. Screening in pregnancy means any infection can be found and treated early.
Related terms
Sources
- WHOSyphilis fact sheet
- NHSSyphilis
- Planned ParenthoodSyphilis