Consent & boundaries

Rape

Alsorapednon-consensual sex

Definition

Rape is a serious form of sexual assault involving sexual penetration without consent. Its exact legal definition varies between countries and states.

At a glance

  • A serious form of sexual assault involving penetration without consent.
  • Its legal definition varies between countries and states.
  • People of any gender can be raped, by people of any gender.
  • Rape within marriage or a relationship is still rape.
  • Blame lies only with the person who committed it.

In detail

Some legal systems define rape narrowly, while others include a broader range of acts and recognise that people of any gender can be raped by people of any gender. Rape within marriage or a relationship is still rape and is recognised as a crime in most countries today.

Survivors respond in many different ways, and there is no right way to feel or act afterwards. Blame lies only with the person who committed the act.

Medical care, emergency contraception, STI and HIV prevention, forensic examination and emotional support are available through hospitals, sexual assault referral centres and rape crisis organisations. People can use these services without deciding to report to police.

In a sentence

  • Rape within a marriage is still rape, and it is recognised as a crime in most countries today.
  • The rape crisis helpline said there is no right way to feel afterwards.

Where the word comes from

From the Latin rapere, meaning to seize or carry off. The modern meaning of sexual violence without consent developed over centuries of legal and social change.

Common questions

Can someone be raped by a partner or spouse?

Yes. Being in a relationship or married does not mean consent is given, and rape within marriage is recognised as a crime in most countries today.

Do I have to go to the police to get medical help?

No. Hospitals, sexual assault referral centres and rape crisis organisations can provide medical care, emergency contraception, STI and HIV prevention and emotional support without you deciding to report. Some can also store forensic evidence while you decide.

Is it normal to feel numb or not react the way people expect?

Yes. Survivors respond in many different ways, and there is no right way to feel or act. A rape crisis centre or trauma-informed counsellor can support you, whenever it happened.

Related terms

Sources

  1. NHSHelp after rape and sexual assault
  2. Rape Crisis England & WalesRape Crisis England & Wales