Consent - meaning and definition
Alsosexual consentconsensualgiving consentasking for consent
Definition
Consent is a free, informed and clear agreement to take part in a specific activity, given by someone who has the capacity to agree and who can change their mind at any time.
At a glance
- A free, informed and clear agreement to a specific activity.
- Can be withdrawn at any time, for any reason.
- Agreeing to one thing does not mean agreeing to another.
- Silence, a relationship or being drunk is not consent.
In detail
In the context of intimacy, consent means that everyone involved actually wants to take part in what is happening. It has to be given freely, without pressure, threats or manipulation, by a person who understands what they are agreeing to. Agreement to one activity does not imply agreement to another, and agreement given yesterday does not carry over to today.
Consent is not simply the absence of a no. Silence, passivity, an existing relationship, the way someone is dressed or the fact that they have been drinking do not amount to agreement. Many educators describe good consent as clear, ongoing and mutual: people check in, notice each other's reactions and stop when someone hesitates.
Legal definitions of consent differ between countries and states, particularly around age, intoxication and relationships of authority. This entry describes the general idea rather than any single legal standard.
In a sentence
- Checking in with each other is a normal part of consent, not a mood killer.
- She gave consent to a kiss, which does not mean consent to anything else.
Where the word comes from
From the Latin consentire, to feel together or agree. Today's emphasis on clear, ongoing and enthusiastic consent comes largely from sexual health education and campaigns since the 1990s.
Not to be confused with
- Informed consent
Informed consent is the medical and research standard for agreeing to treatment or participation after risks and alternatives are explained.
Common questions
Can someone change their mind?
Yes. Consent can be withdrawn at any point, even partway through, and that has to be respected straight away.
Does being in a relationship mean consent is given?
No. Partners, including married partners, still need each other's agreement every time.
Where can I get help if something happened without my consent?
A rape crisis centre, sexual assault service or sexual health clinic can help confidentially. If you are in danger, call your local emergency number.